Science

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Scientists at the University of Leeds in England simulated the early Earth's atmosphere on a computer, in an attempt to explain the Great Oxidation Event, which occurred 2.4 billion years ago and greatly increased oxygen levels on Earth, and ultimately allowed for life to evolve. The simulation suggests that gradual changes in nutrient cycles alone may have been responsible for the oxygen-richness, not necessarily a large event.

earth england oxygen computer model richness levels simulation great-oxidation-event nutrient-cycles leeds

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Researchers participating in the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise, a global collaboration between scientific institutions aimed at studying ice sheet levels, found that the Greenland ice sheet has lost 3.8 trillion tons of ice since 1992, at a rapidly accelerating pace. Consequently, sea levels have risen by 10.6 mm, and researchers state the world is heading for the extreme end of the climate change scenario.

climate-change ice-sheet mass-balance sea-levels greenland

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Researchers have struggled to explain the mechanisms of planet formation from protoplanetary dust particles, due to the "bouncing barrier", which prevents particles from forming a planet under the force of gravity. A new experiment used tiny glass beads as a replacement for dust particles, and found that in a weightless environment, the particles came together due to differences in electric charge, sometimes in clumps of thousands.

experiment planet formation glass-beads weightless protoplanetary dust gravity

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A team of scientists at Harvard led by leading biologist George Church has found ways to edit human DNA like code. The team is currently working on making humans immune to all diseases and reversing the aging process although they claim it will take at least another ten years before any of their breakthroughs are available to humans.

science harvard biology dna genetics genes

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A new invention that utilizes the differences in electric potential between freshwater and seawater has been shown to have great potential, if researchers can find a method to manufacture it on an industrial scale. The "blue energy" membrane generates power at places where a river flows into the sea, and has an estimated global potential of 2.6 terawatts of power, equivalent to the power of 2000 nuclear plants.

hydroelectricity nuclear-power nuclear-plant membrane freshwater seawater blue-energy

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The SpaceX Dragon capsule was received by astronauts at the International Space Station, carrying early Christmas gifts from the company, marking SpaceX's 19th successful delivery for NASA in 7 years. The gifts include genetically engineered mice with twice the normal mass for an experiment, pesticidal worms and a prototype of an artificially intelligent robot to act as an astronaut's assistant, which tries to sense their emotional states.

nasa astronauts christmas international-space-station dragon capsule gifts spacex mice robot worms

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Climate scientist Zeke Hausfather recently concluded a study where his team studied the predictions made by climate models stretching as far back as 1970, almost fifty years ago. They found that the models were incredibly accurate, with the oldest one having the highest accuracy, 91 percent, with the average accuracy score for each model at 69 percent. Hausfather hopes the study will ease criticisms of the inaccuracies of climate models.

climate-change scientist model accurate criticism zeke-hausfather

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Scientists from The International Union for the Conservation of Nature have released a report that claims the world's oceans are losing oxygen at an unprecedented rate due to both climate change and an increase in fish farming. Large fish such as sharks and tuna require more oxygen in order to survive and are now at risk.

climate-change pollution oxygen fish water ocean

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According to a new report, a reduction in air pollution can lead to a reduction in hospitalizations and deaths in just a few weeks. The study looked at historical data and large air pollution reforms in order to study the effects of cleaner air. Air pollution is an issue that is present in most of the world's largest cities.

climate-change global-warming air-pollution health pollution air

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Scientists decided to recreate a century-old experiment by zoologist Herbert Jennings, which had revealed that single-celled organisms called stentors had displayed unusually intelligent behavior in trying to avoid some irritants that had been placed near them. The experiment had long been dismissed, since no research had ever reproduced it, but a casual experiment by Harvard researchers has managed to successfully produce Jennings' original results.

experiment harvard stentor zoologist complex behavior intelligent

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Discovered by astronomer Gennady Borisov from Crimea, after whom it was subsequently named, the comet is a bright celestial object that is only the second interstellar body to be sighted before it entered the solar system. Having caught notice of it earlier than other comets, scientists hope to be able to study it in much closer detail as it passes by Earth this Sunday.

crimea comet borisov gennady-borisov interstellar astronomer sunday solar-system

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Scientists at Stanford University have found that a certain protein within human blood that can be used to determine someone's biological age. This discovery has given researchers some new insight into the human aging process and is one step further on the path to finding a way to reverse aging entirely.

clock science health medicine biology breakthrough age

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Researchers at the Tel Aviv University in Israel conducted experiments on tobacco and tomato plants, creating two different kinds of distressing situations: one in which they were deprived of water, another when their stem was cut. They placed highly sensitive audio recorders near the plants and found that the plants not only emitted ultrasonic sounds when distressed, but also emitted different sounds for different kinds of situations.

stem recording water plants tel-aviv-university audible distress ultrasonic frequency

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NASA's Parker Solar Probe, the closest solar probe ever sent in space, has revealed data about the sun never encountered before by scientists. Surprising revelations have been observed regarding the sun's solar winds and weather patterns, with much more data to come, which will allow NASA researchers to develop much more accurate models of solar weather and the impact it has on the Earth.

nasa space earth probe weather parker solar-wind

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Research conducted on the eight members of a scientific expedition to Antarctica, who stayed in German facility Neumayer III for more than a year, revealed that the lack of outside contact and the bleakness of the landscape may have had a significant effect on their brains, as the area around the hippocampus had shrunk by as much as 7 percent for all the expedition's members when they returned.

research brain scientist antarctica expedition hippocampus shrink smaller neumayer

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According to some new research, there may be 8.3 million pieces of micro-plastic in every 1000 liters of water in the ocean. The new study used significantly smaller nets to collect samples from the ocean and found that micro-plastic had been escaping the larger nets that were previously being used.

science climate-change global-warming plastic pollution micro-plastic

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A study of 70 dogs organized at the University of Surrey, UK by researcher Holly Root-Gutteridge has found that their ability to recognize words is more advanced than expected. The study presented the dogs with several simple words, spoken by unfamiliar voices in different pitches, that had a difference of only one vowel. 48 out of the 70 dogs were shown to recognize the differences between the words.

dogs language capabilities advanced university-of-surrey words vowels

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Scientists at Tel Aviv University have been able to eradicate pancreatic cancer from a mouse using a molecule known as PJ34. The mouse was infected with human pancreatic cancer and the molecule was able to kill 90% of the cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer at present, is one of the most adamant cancer of all.

health medicine healthcare cancer biology cure

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According to a new report published by MIT, the Chinese scientists who claimed to have made two baby girls immune to HIV caused unintended mutations and violated a number of ethical and scientific norms. The report also said that the scientists were not able to reproduce the breakthrough and the full effects of the gene-editing are still unknown.

china science health hiv medicine gene-editing biology

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Textbooks have historically considered an outbreak of bubonic plague (also known as the Black Death), during the era of Roman emperor Justinian, to have wrought chaos in the region, causing millions of deaths and the fall of several empires. However, latest research has convinced scientists that the effects of the plague may have been overstated, and that it did not cause political collapse, in Rome or elsewhere.

roman bubonic-plague black-death emperor justinian fall

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According to a recent report, a sperm whale died off the coast of a Scottish Island this week, due to the fact that it was being weighed down by 100 kilograms of trash. An autopsy on the whale revealed that the trash was comprised mainly of fishing nets and plastic.

environment plastic pollution water ocean whale spermwhale

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Paleontologists have found a fossil in Alberta, Canada that seems to have come about through an unbelievable chain of events. The fossil consists of a duck-billed hadrosaur's jaw bone, with a blob of amber carrying insects and plant life. and would have resulted when the dead hadrosaur's jawbone was carried into the river and a tree's resin fell on top of it, hardening into amber over the years.

canada fossil paleontology dinosaur hadrosaur alberta amber jawbone

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The measles epidemic in Samoa has continued to spread and the death toll has now risen to 53. All but one of the deaths were children as measles is most dangerous to children. The government is attempting to fight the epidemic with a massive vaccination program. So far around 3728 measles cases have been reported within the country.

medicine healthcare vaccine death measales samoa

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While speaking at the two-week climate summit in Madrid, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, stressed the importance of changing the way humanity interacts with nature. He went on to say that 'man's war against nature' must stop and that stopping it is not impossible. However, no country in the world is currently meeting the standard that is required in order to fight global warming.

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Researchers at Australia's University of New South Wales have found a way to turn waste products from Banana cultivation into a recyclable plastic. The final product can be used to replace plastic shopping bags and food packaging. Since Banana plants create a large amount of waste, the raw materials for the plastic are also easy to acquire.

environment recycling biodegradable agriwaste banana